The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby is a classic work of F. Scott Fitzgerald, an American author of short stories and novels. The book was first published in 1925 during a period known as the Jazz age. The novel was purely creative work of the author. Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The story was set on North Shore in Long Island in New York City. F. Scott Fitzgerald is regarded as one of those greatest writers in America of the 20th century. The novel was written during the First World War when the American society enjoyed success. The period was known as roaring 1920s when the economy soared. During this period, manufacturing and sale of alcohol was banned which made millionaires become bootleggers. The Great Gatsby is a love story that embraces American ideals of 1920s as viewed through the characters’ actions throughout the novel. The story is about Jay Gatsby, a wealthy man, and his love for Daisy Buchanan. The book addresses the lavish life that most people lived in America during the 20s, a period referred to as roaring 20s. The 1920s of America can be termed as rebellious decade, a period when the younger generation mainly focused on having fun and fritting their time with friends instead of family. During this period, some amendments were made in American Constitution which included enforcement of prohibition. Nobody was allowed to produce, sell or even consume alcohol in America. With the existence of probation law, crime also increased in America. All these characteristics of America during 1920 are evident and inherent in the main character, Jay Gatsby, in the novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald portrayed Gatsby as an extravagant young man who loved parting and bootlegging. This is evident in the book: â€Å"Tom accused Gatsby of bootlegging and other illegal activities (Bruccoli 100).† Gatsby discovered that Nick who is the n arrator of the play is related to Daisy the woman he fell in love with. The love that Gatsby had for her had been buried but when he saw Daisy at Nick’s place, that love rose again which caused mayhem among Tom, Nick, Daisy and him. The plot of the book presents an intertwined love story and the characters’ actions clearly bring out the American ideals of 1920s. Gatsby also presents the economic status of Americans during 1920s. After the end of World War I, there was economic peace in America and many people had the potential to acquire wealth. Many people began to spend money on cars, tourism and houses. Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gatsby is a good example in the novel; he did everything in his power to acquire wealth and after that he began to misuse it. In the beginning, Gatsby was an ordinary man without much wealth; this was before he met his l ove Daisy (Bruccoli, 89). This also depicts America before 1920s when its economy was not stable yet. After the war, many soldiers decided to come back home to their families. This is one of the themes in the novel The Great Gatsby. Gatsby strived to come home at the end of the war but he ended up in Oxford. However, when he finally managed to get to home, Gatsby began to look for the love of his life, Daisy. Based on American ideals, one can say that those solders that went to fight in World War I in Europe had a strong love for their country. They went back home to look for their loved ones. The economic peace in America during 1920s is evident through the kind of life that the characters in The Great Gatsby had. Gatsby and his friends used to spend freely more on entertainment and leisure. They used to go out to lavished parties which were attended by everyone. This was accelerated by preface of alcohol beverages in Prohibition period (Bruccoli, 140). In conclusion, The Great Ga tsby is a love story that embraces American ideals of 1920s as viewed through the characters actions throughout the novel. The book addresses the lavish life that most people were living in America during the 20s, a period referred to as roaring 20s. Works Cited Bruccoli, Joseph. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby: A Literary Reference. New York: Carroll Graf Publishers, 2000. This book review on The Great Gatsby was written and submitted by user Ana E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Great Gatsby Introduction The novel, The Great Gatsby, can be considered a form of novelized social commentary that delves into the life of Jay Gatsby, an eccentric millionaire with an unhealthy obsession with the character of Daisy Buchanon. There are three distinct characteristics of Gatsby which can be considered his defining traits yet are the source of inevitable downfall. These traits are: his obsession with the past, his unwillingness to see the problems of the present and his desire to achieve a future no matter the cost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, it can be seen that in his pursuit of what he thinks is his â€Å"ideal† love, Gatsby is in fact pursuing nothing more than a false ideal that he has placed on a pedestal. As such, it can be stated that the main thematic element of the novel is that of a critique which criticizes the excesses of socie ty during the early 1920s by exposing the various negative qualities seen by the author during this era. The embodiment of these negative aspects comes in the form of Gatsby and his life, which in the end is seen as hollow and empty, just as the morals and values of the characters seen in the novel. Obsession with the Past Gatsby’s obsession with the past can be summed up by the following quote: â€Å"If it was not for the mist we could see your home across the bay . You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock.† This quote refers to the house of Daisy which is situated on the river directly across from Gatsby’s home. His obsession with the past is reflected in his unwillingness to give up what he thinks is his â€Å"ideal love†. His actions related to throwing elaborate parties, illegal bootlegging activities and even asking Daisy to cheat on her husband and be with him are all extensions of his obsession with his past relat ionship with Daisy and how he believes that they are meant to be together. What must be understood is that despite Gatsby being killed by a bullet in the end, the fact remains that he would have inevitably been arrested by the authorities as a direct result of his illegal activities. His fortune was built upon illegally transporting liquor with numerous people being aware of his activities. As such, it can be seen that such an obsession was one of the contributing factors behind his downfall. He simply refused to move on, to find someone else, and to go for another woman that would have suited his lifestyle more. Instead, he hung on as tight as he could to his ideal, and, like the fool that he was, died as a direct result of such actions. Unwillingness to see the problems of the present The unwillingness of Gatsby to see the problems of the present can be seen in the following quote which surmises the way in which he lived his life: â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the org iastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter — tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.†Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What must be understood is that in the case of Gatsby he seldom examined the immediate impact of his actions and mental state and instead focused the entirety of his time on thoughts related to Daisy. The cost of his parties, the legality of his acquired fortune and the problems he was having in keeping his activities a secret were all secondary concerns in the face of his obsessive desire to have a woman that was not his. The culmination of his unwillingness to see the problems of the present is seen when he took the blame for the car accident that killed Myrtle when it was in fact Daisy that was behind the wheel of the car. The fact that he might have been arrested, incar cerated for life or even killed did not seem to occur to him. From a certain perspective it can be stated that he was blind to such potential futures and instead obsessively focused on the one thing that was most valuable to him, namely Daisy. Desire to achieve a future no matter the cost The following quote best describes the essence of Gatsby as an individual that relentlessly pursued his desired future no matter the cost: â€Å"The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God . and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end.† From this quote it can be seen that Gatsby’s ego, his desire to make something of himself and to be better than what he was no matter the means was driving force b ehind him achieving his fortune through illegal means. His vision of the future involved being rich and being married to Daisy. It is due to this that he single mindedly pursued his goal to the extent that he became rich, bought a home across from Daisy’s and continued to throw lavish parties to entice her to come. However, based on the other two personality traits that have been elaborated on already, his desire was ultimately self-destructive leading him to live a hollow and empty existence with no real friends as seen in the case of his funeral. This essay on The Great Gatsby was written and submitted by user ShinobiShaw to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby

Emancipation of Russian Serfs is Overrated essays

Emancipation of Russian Serfs is Overrated essays In world history, the Emancipation of the Russian Serfs is treated as though it had a huge effect on Russia and a large significance upon the rest of the world. This is not true, the impact of the Emancipation of the Serfs had a small effect on the history of the world. The Emancipation came in 1861 around the same time as Brazil and the United States ended slavery. A major argument of the Emancipation is that the reason for it was to allow economic adjustments within Russia. This may have been thought but it was not necessarily the serfs who created an agricultural subordination to the west. The serfs were simply peasantry who were bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord (dictionary.com). They did the same things that peastantry did, they just owed money to a feudal lord ahead of them. The system was much like earlier European feudalism. The Europeans were never held back by the feudal system they followed. The system of Serfs in Russia was not what affected the Russian subordination to countries such as Great Britain and France. When the Emancipation came the government made sure that the power of the aristocracy was preserved. The government made sure that the aristocracy stayed powerful above the peasants. The Emancipation was also designed to retain the tight grip of the tsarist state. Releasing serfs had a small effect on the Russian government as a whole. When released, the serfs also gained no new political rights; they continued to receive the same rights as during serfdom. Another reason little changed with the Emancipation of the Serfs was the fact that most serfs still had loans to pay off from their land. They had to continue working hard as peasantry until their land could finally be paid off. This was one of the ways the government kept power to the Aristocrats. The conditions in which the serfs continued to live were also poor. They still had very little money. Economically, their posi...

Editorial article on school uniform Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Editorial on school uniform - Article Example â€Å" I like to see girls running around in skirts since currently if you happen to see one in skirts, then they are slutty skirts,† one of the parents remarked (Ryan 2). Moreover, the parents says that they will not accept these changes just like that, but on the other hand they claimed that their precious daughter should continue dressing up in matching jumpers. â€Å"It is a tradition,† some asserted which has developed to a code (Ryan 2). At the same time other parents retorted that they feel immense amount of guilty since the community members will now think that their children are just a quantity of run of the mill magnet kids after they see them after school. Similarly, most of the student fraternity was also unhappy with the decision. A grade 7 girl claimed that the action by some older girls should not have warranted the administration to punish the whole school. According to the students, the uniform did their best to bring equality in the students’ bo dy where all of them looked the same, but however, the administration decision will now ruin that. Moreover, some laid out their feelings regarding the fact that they will not continue wearing their beautiful uniform. Evidently, school uniform is clearly inherent in brings out commonness of the student body. Despite this, some people are strongly against the students wearing school uniforms. Moreover, Brunsma purports that school uniform is actually a good way of improving students discipline in addition to motivating them (3). In addition, he claims that students should wear school uniform for the reason that the school uniform minimizes gang colors as well as inhibits students from wearing clothes that will promote sex and drugs. Consequently school uniform is known for promoting good learning environment. In 1995, Long Beach school reported a dramatic decrease in violence along with discipline cases among the students. This was after one year of adopting mandatory school uniforms . At the same time the school also noticed that the students were actually scoring higher in their tests. The school commented that this was a very great accomplishment. They also found out that the uniforms had taken tall on the student fraternity. Consequently, President Clinton visited the school in 1995 where he urged other schools to also consider adopting the mandatory school uniforms. Clinton said, â€Å" if school uniform will make our children to stop killing each other over designer jackets, it is then crucial for schools to require their students wear school uniforms† (Wilkins 5). Actually, the reports concerning the change in crime in the school district showed that assault had gone down by 67 percent, while vandalism dropped by 82 percent and robbery cases reduced by 35 percent. This supports the fact that school uniforms are inherent for students (Norgard 7). School uniforms also are believed to enhance improved academic achievement. This is depicted by the stud y by Mancini which shows that tests scores of schools which have mandatory uniforms has gone up (27). The similar scenario was also evident in the school district in Long Beach, which has continued to produce test scores which indicate better performance. Moreover, school uniforms promote the educative behavior through reducing distraction and making the classroom to appear as a very serious environment. Clearly, Cohn says that school uniform increases students self esteem, especially the unfortunate ones, as well as it makes

Zara social media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zara social media - Assignment Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zara’s website anchors its digital presence, and its expansive global reach is clearly apparent by the number of countries and languages that users can access the site in. Online sales were launched in March 2012, and the company has expanded aggressively in Asia recently (Interbrand). Zara boasts an active Twitter handle, a Facebook page, and a blog on Tumblr among other online ventures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of paid media, Zara is different in that it relies on word of mouth and brand loyalty, rather than advertising, to boost its sales (Robin, 2013, p.2). While â€Å"most typical fashion retailer[s] will spend 20%-30% of their revenues on advertising, Zara spends less than 0.5% – a big saving,† and what advertising it does do is mostly concentrated on what its windows display on the street-level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Relying on in-house efforts has its rewards, but also its risks. The fact that Zara has little or no paid online advertising outside of company-run sites means that outside groups have a strong say in dictating Zara’s online profile—and in the fashion world, that can be dangerous. Google Zara and the top results include a Greenpeace campaign against the company for use of toxic chemicals, a critique of the retailer for refusing to pursue plus-sized consumers, and complaints of relying on sweatshop clothing manufacturers. On the other hand, the company is praised for its streamlined business model and the ability of store managers to connect directly to local and regional designers in order to stay trendy (Robin, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, Zara’s digital strategy is spare and risky, outside of owned media, but so far, it is not affecting sales or perception in a measurable way. It is significant to note that Zara does not engage in advertising its products instead, it only advertises when it is intending to open up new stores. The company

Product Reassessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Reassessment - Essay Example This essay will provide insight of a plan for repositioning Blu Ray Disk into Korean market by focusing on demographics characteristics based on US census data. Additionally, the type of research needed have been scrutinized as well as methods that can be used to increase adoption rates of Blu Ray Disk. The distribution problems that are likely to be encountered in Korean market and ways of addressing them have been scrutinized. This may involve determining how the Blu Ray Disk may fit into Korean market given the fact that some new features have been added in order to meet customer’s needs and wants (Pride & Ferrell, 2012). The following are three components for an effective and efficient repositioning of Blu Ray Disk into Korean market; there must be product positioning, market positioning and brand positioning. Product positioning focus on making Blu Ray disk unique from other disk available in Korean market (Clancy, Krieg & Wolf, 2005). This may be achieved by conducting product differentiation whereby, some cognitive and unique features may be added into the Blu Ray Disk to enhance their capacity and usage (Pride & Ferrell, 2012). On the other hand, Market positioning may help in identification of marketing strategies, whereby; the position of available and impending competitors may be evaluated. Additionally, SWOT analysis model may be applied to identify strength and weakness of competitors in the target market (Pride & Ferrell, 2012). Finally, brand positioning focus on taking into consideration the following attributes; consumer perceptions, brand attributes, price attributes and competitors’ attributes (Pride & Ferrell, 2012). Consumer perceptions may help to evaluate the minds of consumer concerning the available products supplied by the company (Pride & Ferrell, 2012).The issue of price should be taken into consideration. The company should evaluate their prices in relation to those of competitors in

Communication Skills for Teamwork: Reflective Summary

Communication Skills for Teamwork: Reflective Summary Social, Legal and Ethical Issues Reflective report This report is going to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the module â€Å"Legal methods and Ethical issues†. The aim of this report is to evaluate and describe the research that has been used for the group presentation and the performance of the group during the presentation. Also, another one point that will be presented in this report is the group work and the cooperation among the members of the group. Finally, throughout this report it will be demonstrated the aims of the module, the experience the students had from the module, how they were influenced and affected through this procedure and the knowledge learned and how is going to assist the students in the future. The modules aims include the awareness development of students, but also enhancing students’ knowledge and ability to critically analyze a numerous of social behaviors, ethical dilemmas and legal issues. Furthermore, by the end of the module, students will be able to make rational discussion and critical thinking about ethical issues. All of the above aims will help students to be ready to encounter any difficulties or specific circumstances of their working life in the context of social networks and digital communication. This module is very helpful and necessary for students, in order to gain knowledge on how all the above issues covered are related to their future, personal life and job. Additionally, students had to explore the knowledge gained through the module and apply it in practice, which means that students had to make their own research in a certain topic, analyze it and then present it. In our group was assigned the topic â€Å"Protecting you and your organisation from malicious digital attacks† which was a very interesting topic, including the legislation part. Furthermore, it was a very recent theme of the 21th century, since technology and internet are integral and crucial parts of our lives. Specifically, â€Å"malicious digital attacks† is a term of computing, which is any physical or electronic action taken with the intent of acquiring, destroying, modifying, or accessing a user’s data without permission. As has been stated before, the definition of malicious digital attacks is a very general topic and includes a lot of issues, thus we split it into part and each group member made their research on a specific part. My part was to find the companies which had been hacked, the security PR disasters and digital attacks that damaged the trustworthiness and reputation of the companies. The following paragraphs will analyze the research about malicious digital attacks and will describe the process of the research and my own path before the presentation. My initial search for articles gave me a lot of general and irrelevant information and it seemed very difficult and slightly confusing. Although, when I correctly understood the topic, I found helpful and relevant information, which made it extremely interesting. Additionally, my research was based on articles, so I used the Google Scholar to find information, since BBC news provided me with a variety of knowledge and examples of companies being hacked. In the appendix, you will find some of the sites that I used and two articles of BBC news with some of my comments on them. These days, the social media, internet and numerous of online organizations come first on people’s preferences for several reasons. The social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, are being used throughout the day by people, as a way of communication, promotion of products, companies and organizations, as a mode of entertainment and the most important are free. Furthermore, another company which has large number of users is Sony, which has online games (FIFA, PRO) and people can be entertained through that site very easy. There are lots of organizations and companies that people are using, but in my research I focused on the most frequently used, such as Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox and Sony. All of these companies have something in common, because they are the most popular, they were more easily hacked and more users were affected. People who use the social media every day have not only advantages, but also several disadvantages. Although Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox and Sony are free services, in order to have access to this applications is necessary for a user to provide all personal details, such as name and surname, email address, gender, birth date, phone number, username and password. Additionally in some cases, is necessary to provide credit card and bank account numbers in order to have access to online games like FiFA. Throughout my research I found that people’s personal details are not safe, because it is very easy for someone to hack a company and steal personal information of the users. Moreover, through my research I found that all of these online services have been hacked more than one time in the last two years, but also hackers have stolen numerous people’s personal details and passwords. In some cases, users lost a significant amount of money from their bank accounts due to online hacking. Therefore, people should be very careful, when they create accounts and also is recommended to change their passwords approximately every ninety days. As for our group work, according to Levin (2005), face-to-face meetings are necessary for direct and active communication among group members, instead of communicating through emails or Facebook, were people are unable to understand a person’s feelings and mood. For example, in our team students communicated through emails and meetings, as a result were had excellent communication without misunderstandings and conflicts. Furthermore, according to Hargie (2004) â€Å"team is a number of interdependent people bound together by a collective aim. An essential feature of a team is that the members co-operate to achieve jointly agreed goals†. Furthermore, there are several advantages from teamwork. As Levin (2005) mentioned, teamwork is an opportunity for students to learn more efficiently about the concept of a course, in relation to regular learning methods (i.e. lectures, textbooks). Also, they can develop a different way of thinking, adopt common goals and try to achieve them through teamwork, which is one of the most important facilitators in achieving positive, cost-effective outcomes in various organizational settings (Procter Currie, 2004). In addition, teamwork can be an enjoyable and useful experience, because from my perspective, teamwork helped me improve my communication and cooperation skills, since I had to work and achieve a common goal with different kind of people. A group can succeed in doing great things which one person cannot do it alone (Levin, 2005). In our case, if we weren’t a team, each one of us alone couldn’t effectively carry out all the duties and responsibilities of the project. According to Levin (2005), respect between the team members is the basic rule for a successful and efficient outcome, so we tried to respect each other by giving the opportunity and possibility to each member of the group member, to share their ideas and express their opinion about the project. This helped our team to better organize and successfully execute our mission, because we implemented the most original and innovating ideas and methods. Furthermore, the aim of the group work was to create a good and interactive presentation. Through group work, we found a lot of different and interesting resources to cover our topic and we were perfectly prepared for the execution of the presentation. The day of presentation was slightly stressful for our team members, because we had worked very hard and we wanted to succeed. Moreover, in my opinion, the presentation was good and interesting for the audience, who successfully participated in the quiz that our team created. The game included many questions which were presented during the presentation. The audience was broken in two teams and the team who answered more quickly and correctly the questions, won a price. In my point of view, the presentation was very interactive and entertaining for the audience. The feedback from the audience was really good, specifically for the quiz, because people laughed a lot and there was a very friendly atmosphere. The feedback forms were quite satisfactory, because most of the forms, as seen in the appendix, focus on the interactive quiz, which the audience liked the most. Generally, through people’s comments appears that the presentation was interactive and enjoyable, but also provided the audience with many useful information about the subject. On the other hand, there were some negative comments about the presentation. For example, the fact that the presenters read through their notes made the presentation less interactive and communicative with the audience. In my overview, this project was a very good and helpful experience for me, due to the excellent teamwork and team spirit. Throughout the preparation, our team had weekly meetings through which all of our group’s members took joint decisions about the tasks and duties of our project. Also, my group was very helpful for me, since they gave me good guidelines and there was an excellent communication and cooperation between us. The day of the presentation, was stressful, but I tried to be more relaxed and managed to properly present my part, because I worked hard and I did not want to disappoint both my team and me. In conclusion, I am very satisfied with myself and my performance before and during the presentation, since I worked hard with our group and I have tried to be as best as I could. Unfortunately, due to my stress and anxiety during the presentation I spoke very quickly and it might create some misunderstandings as to what I was saying. In conclusion, the semester one was very useful and interesting for the students. The knowledge and the experience gained will helped them in their future career for several reasons. Firstly, students succeed in creating a different way of thinking, in understanding the legal methods and ethical issues and to gather information and details for dissimilar topics. Furthermore, all the presentations were very good and students worked very hard to accomplish that, although there were some more interactive and interesting presentations, compared to others. This module helped students to understand how to analyze a big topic and how to execute a correct research. In this case, the group work was essentially for this project, because the subject was very large and each member of the group worked for a particular part and the results were certainly much better, compared to an individual work. References list: Hargie, O. (2004). Communication Skills for Effective Management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Levin, P. (2005). Successful teamwork for undergraduates and taught postgraduates working on group projects. England: Open University Press. Procter, S., Currie, G. (2004). Target-based team working: Groups, work and interdependence in the UK civil service.Human Relations,57(12), 1547-1572. My research (links) Articles of my research: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13636704 http://www.criticalgamer.co.uk/2011/06/24/have-sony-turned-a-pr-disaster-into-a-pr-triumph-part-two/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13537128 http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2386378,00.asp http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13206687 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21160818 http://www.wired.com/gamelife/2011/05/sony-online-entertainment-hack/ http://www.heavy.com/tech/2013/03/a-timeline-ofcompanies-that-have-been-hacked-in-2013/ http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/02/twitter-hacked/ http://xbox.about.com/od/news/a/Xbox-Live-Fifa-12-Hack-Explained.htm

Independence day Essay

Today we all have gathered here to be witnesses to our 67 prosperous years of Independence. A day so special in the history of India that wouldn’t fail to remind us of the heroic deeds of not just our freedom fighters but the citizens of India. On the eve of Independence our 1st Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru rose to make a speech on Independence Day, â€Å" When the world sleeps, India will wake to life and freedom.† My dear friends , we are the fortunate ones to be able to breathe this air of freedom since the day we were born. Fortunate enough not to go through the hardships and ignominy of slavery under foreign rule. It was indeed a Herculean task to overthrow the powerful giants, the British rulers from the land of our ancestors ,the despotic power that motivated us to fight as one . So my dear friends let not the reminiscence of those scars fade away but may continue to bind us . Today we remember the great leaders who gave their lives for India’s f reedom. Dr.B. R . Ambedkar gave us the longest thoughtful written constitution . Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laboured for an Industrialized India . Gandhi ji taught us Ahimsa . Subhash Chandra Bose induced courage in us. Swami Vivekanand gave us spiritual power and there are many more who continue to inspire us even today. In these past 67 years India has witnessed different realms of success . India took immense pride when we emerged out as the world’s largest democracy, when India bagged the 5th position among 71 nations in the recent Glasgow games, when UNESCO declared our National Anthem as the best anthem and declared six forts of Rajasthan as the world heritage sites. When India was declared to head the BRICS 100 billion dollar New Development Bank for six years, when the WHO declared to grant India a certificate for the eradication of Polio. When a survey declared 36% scientists in NASA as Indians among the world’s top scientists and when ISRO’s PSLV-C21 was successfully launched on the 26th of July 2013. There are innumerable instances which continue to motivate us to think highly of our motherland but there too exists a dark side which should not be overlooked. The freedom for which our freedom fighters fought is still incomplete because there still exists in India a India where caste distinctions still prevail ,which prevent people from enjoying their part in our independent India. Day after day increasing crimes against women put us to shame as they defame not just the victims but their motherland too. There were those golden times when people were selfless, but now people  have crossed heights of selfishness and greed where the life of woman is nothing in front of green currency in the form of dowry. The greed for wealth has increased so much so that people have started robbing their own country. There are people struggling against the bondage of illiteracy , there are places where the light from an electric bulb still remains a dream ,places where people still need to travel miles in search of water, places where the backwardness of superstitious thinking continue to take the lives of innocent people . There are many more cases which are opposing us in our walk towards complete independence and development. It is our duty as the sons and daughters of India to eradicate such insane social evils from our society and make it a better place to live in enjoying their rights to freedom and prosperity. My dear friends, in the end I’d just like to remind you that it’s a blessing to be free and freedom is a blessing. All we need is to keep in mind not to misuse this freedom of ours. With freedom comes responsibilities, with responsibilities come dependence on our brotherly bonds of oneness and when we tread this path of Unity, we attain complete Independence. Our country is a symbol of great diversity in every form and I wish that the feeling of oneness may continue to beat in every Indian heart in our movement the a glorious future.

Culture and Diversity: Understanding Islam Essay

Abstract: An important part of this course, this research paper is on diversity and multiculturalism and its social, cultural and ethical impact on individual citizens, groups of people and society at large is about understanding Islam. This paper will contain information on teaching of Islam and how they are interpreted and practiced in different countries and cultures, including the United Stated, Great Britain, the Middle East, India, Pakistan and other Asian countries. Additionally, how is it contrasted with Christianity and Judaism, how do these understandings impact the ways that Muslims and non- Muslims interact and communicate with one another? Introduction Islam is highly controversial and sensitive issue in today’s world and there are many misconceptions about its beliefs, values and goal. Through this research paper, I would like to go over this issues in more detail and I hope to understand the problems and have a correct understanding on Islamic beliefs. For example, many Americans believe that most Muslims live in the Middle East, while in reality Indonesia has many more people of the Islamic faith. This paper will help me and the readers to understand what this means is that Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, is practiced in many different cultures, and it both shape and shaped by those cultures. In order to have clear understanding, the definition of Islam and Muslim  have to be defined. Islam is the religion that Muslim people practice, the same exact way that Judaism is the religion followed by Jews, and that Christians follow Christianity (see http://www.ask.com). I. What is teachings of Islam? (Advanced in Natural & Applied Science. 2012, Vol.6 issue 3, p365-373. 9p.) A. Islam is not merely a religion rather than it is a deen (that is a balance of worldly and godly affairs). Thus, Islam is a way of life where religion and culture are one, not separate. B. The core elements in Islamic culture are universal; Muslims can take on every elements in every culture that is not against the Qur’an and Sunnah. C. the Qur’an emphasizes that the universe is created with purpose and the creation of physical environment too has its purpose. D. In Islam, humans are encourage to gain knowledge through using all senses, about themselves and the physical environment around them in order to know Allah and obtain faith (Iman) and taqua.The Qur’an is constantly reminding people that every aspect in life is integrated. II. How they are interpreted and or practiced in different countries and culture including U. S, Great Britain, Middles East, India, Pakistan, Russia and other Asia countries? A. There are many misconceptions and stereotyping of Muslims and Arab are partly rooted with insufficient and through incorrect education. (Culture & Religion Review Journal. 2013, Vol.2013 Issue 1, p143- 158. 16p. B. Middle East people practiced variety of religion by the beginning of the seventh century c.e. One of these deities called Allah 9 Arabic name for God). When Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 c.e. Muhammad started to receive messages from Allah and soon started to spread God’s messages. Not all of Mecca citizen were receptive to messages initially, many wealthy regarded as a threat to their power and position. Mecca’s leaders persecuted Muhammad and his followers and Muhammad and his followers moved to Yathrib, where the first Islamic government was establish (Carr, Melissa S. Who are the Muslim? 2003, p4 – 8. 5p). C. Islam’s spread into East and Southeast Asia occurred through peaceful ways, particularly trade and missionary work. Southeast Asian voluntarily and gradually adopted Islam. It was accepted and practiced with elements of pre Islamic religious beliefs (such as animism, Buddhism and Hinduism). It is more tolerant of other religion faith than their Middle Eastern or North African  counterparts. Today Muslim missionaries are still active and funded greatly by Saudi Arabia and other oil producing Persian Gulf states (Terrorist Group.2006, pN.PNG.5p). D.In Cultural & Religious Review Journal.2013, Vol.2013 Issue 1, p143-158. Hosseini, Hengameh stated about several misconceptions and stereotyping about Muslims and Arabs in the U.S. due to historical, political, and education-related reasons. The author stated that many misconceptions and stereotyping is due to influence of media such as TV evangelists and radio talk show hosts. The author stated that through these media many Americans have negative perceptions of Muslims such as: strict religion, long robes, veiled women, always praying, Mecca, holy war, Arabs, violence, terrorism, no women’s rights, Allah, Quran, poverty, dark skin, harems, inequality, military war, anti- American, and strong belief. In Another article by Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences. Dec2010, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p472-494. By Iribarnegaray, Deanna mentioned that following events of 9/11, the military approach of â€Å"the War on Terror† has resulted in the conflation of the mainstream vision of Islam with militant Islam and some Muslim communities in the West are suffering from Islamophobia. But Islam is steadily spreading in U.S and other part of Western countries. E To related Islam to recent bombing in Boston Marathon, I would like to add Russia in this paper and see how Russia is adapting and interpret Islam. According to the 2002 census, the Muslim population of Russia was 14.5 million people. By 2008, the number of Muslim citizens exceeded 15 million, not taking into account legal and illegal migration. ( Alexei V Malashenko. Social Research Vol 76: No 1: Spring 2009) The Russian Muslim population is multiethnic (Islam is the faith of 38 native peoples of Russia) and multicultural. Each of the two large groups are the Tartars and Bashkir, has its own religious traditions, history, and historically different relations with the center (Moscow and kremlin). Islam in Russia is not only has a role in religion but it has a role in social and political area as well as in financial structures. (Alexei V. Malashemko, Social Research Vol 76.) F. Indonesia has the world’s largest Muslim population; 86 % of its 245 million people are Muslim. And one the  island of Java, where more than half of the nation’s population lives, more than 90 % of the people are Muslim. Indonesia is the one of the largest Mecca for religious pluralism and they keep interreligious relations and continue Indonesia’s tradition of Pancasila –the â€Å"five principles†. But Indonesian Muslims, who practice religious pluralism are being threatened by Islamic puritanism by FPI or Islamic Defenders Front. (Pinault, David, Commonweal. 9/28/2012, Vol. 139 Issue16) III. Contrast with Christianity and Judaism According to Carr, Melissa S. in Who are the Muslims, 2003, p4-8, the people living in the area of Middle East practiced a variety of religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism. During early the early part of the 7yh century a new monotheistic religion, Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula. The similarity between all three of the world’s major monotheistic faith has origins to the patriarch Abraham, Judaism and Christianity through Abraham’s younger son from his first wife, Isaac, and Islam through his older son, Ishmael. This was the major development of the different faith started. Muslims believe Muhammad was the last in a line of the prophets to whom God had given divine prophesies. Despite these similarities, there are major basic differences between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Muslim consider the commandments of the Jewish Torah, that was ascribed to Moses, and Jesus’ teachings as recorded in the Christian Gospels to be divinely inspired, but they believed that although Jesus relayed God’s divine message, Christians later changed the scriptures by adding into them the claim that Jesus was the Son of God. Therefore Muslims consider it Islam’s primary mission to proclaim God’s undistorted messages and replace the older Jewish and Christian traditions with the newer and more original Islamic ones. Islam respect both the Torah and the Bible, they consider the Qur’an, the messages received by Muhammad as the final, and most important messages to humanity from God. IV. These understanding impact the ways the Muslims and non- Muslims interact  and communicate with one another. The understanding of different faith will affirm the importance id dialogue between people of different faiths, it is important not only in multi- religious contexts but equally where there is a large majority of a particular faith. IT is vital to protect rights of minority groups and religious freedom and to enable all to contribute to the common good of all in the community. In conclusion, I can say that like in many religion and especially as in Christianity, Islam has also come a long ways and took the similar path as many other major religion and have a same mission mind as Christianity. Islam teaching is more readily accepted in more third world where they need financial support and where it is very open to many religion unlike Middles Eastern countries. Many say pluralism is the way of getting close to unity between different religions but that also brings a question of how they will keep the authenticity of original but that also brings question of how they will keep the authenticity of original messages of its religion. References Carr, Melissa S. Who are the Muslims? 2003, p4-8. 5P Lribanegaray, D. (2010). Considering Relations between Islam and the West in Three†discrpent Experience†: From Ivasion to Retribution. Journal of Alternatitve Perspectives in the Social Science, 23. Hosseini, H. (2013). International diversity and its problems: Teaching Islamic culture at an American institution. Culture & Religion review journal, 2013(1), 143-158. Malashenko, A. V. (2009). Islam in Russia. Social research, 78(1), 321-358. Sicherman, H. (n.d.). Islam in Asia. In H. Sicherman (Author), Islam in Asia. Mason crest. Yaabcob, M. (2012). Islamic Teachings on the Environment. Advanced in Natural & applied science, 6(3), 365-373.

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